Notice (8): Undefined index: MagazineIssue [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86]
Code Context
             <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 126 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2601',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 127 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 128 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2575',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 129 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 130 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 131 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1003',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 132 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2882',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 133 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 134 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 138 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 140 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2438',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 141 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2439',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 142 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2404',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '995',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 143 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2365',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 144 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2366',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 145 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2367',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 146 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2335',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 147 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2336',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 148 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 149 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 150 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 151 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2300',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 152 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2301',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 153 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2267',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 154 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2268',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 155 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 156 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 157 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 158 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 159 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2176',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 160 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 162 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2151',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 163 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2113',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 164 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 166 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 167 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2122',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 168 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2123',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 169 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 170 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 171 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 172 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 174 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1901',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 175 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1902',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 176 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 177 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1868',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 178 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1869',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 179 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1838',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 180 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1839',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 181 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1840',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 182 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1841',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 183 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1800',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 184 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 186 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '957',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
		'image' => null,
		'short_content' => '',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 228
$ratio = (float) 1.7543859649123
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 91.2
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Trying to access array offset on value of type null [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86]
Code Context
             <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 126 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2601',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 127 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 128 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2575',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 129 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 130 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 131 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1003',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 132 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2882',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 133 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 134 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 138 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
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			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
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			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
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			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
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			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2300',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2301',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
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			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	(int) 157 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2176',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 162 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2151',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2113',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2122',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2123',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 172 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 174 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1901',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1902',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 178 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1869',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 179 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1838',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 180 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1839',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 181 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1840',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 182 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1841',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 183 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1800',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 184 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 186 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '957',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
		'image' => null,
		'short_content' => '',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 228
$ratio = (float) 1.7543859649123
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 91.2
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined index: MagazineIssue [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86]
Code Context
             <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 126 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2601',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 127 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 128 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2575',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 129 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 130 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 131 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1003',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 132 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2882',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 133 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 134 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 138 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 140 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2438',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 141 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2439',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 142 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2404',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '995',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 143 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2365',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 144 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2366',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 145 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2367',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 146 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2335',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 147 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2336',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 148 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 149 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 150 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 151 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2300',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 152 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2301',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 153 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2267',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 154 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2268',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 155 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 159 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2176',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 160 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 161 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 162 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2151',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 163 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2113',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 164 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 166 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 167 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2122',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 168 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2123',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 169 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 170 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 171 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 172 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 174 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1901',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 175 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1902',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 176 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 177 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1868',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 178 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1869',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 179 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1838',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 180 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1839',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 181 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1840',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 182 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1841',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 183 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1800',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 184 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 186 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '958',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
		'image' => null,
		'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 228
$ratio = (float) 1.7543859649123
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 91.2
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Trying to access array offset on value of type null [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86]
Code Context
             <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 126 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2601',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 127 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 128 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2575',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 129 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 130 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 131 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1003',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 132 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2882',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 133 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 141 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2439',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 142 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2404',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '995',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 143 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2365',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2366',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 145 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2367',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2335',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2336',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 148 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 149 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 150 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 151 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2300',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 152 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2301',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 153 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2267',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 154 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2268',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 155 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 156 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 157 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 158 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 159 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2176',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 160 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 161 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 162 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2151',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 163 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2113',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 164 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 166 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 167 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2122',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 168 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2123',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 169 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 170 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 171 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 174 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1901',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 175 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1902',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 176 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 177 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1868',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 178 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1869',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 179 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1838',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 180 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1839',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 181 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1840',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 182 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1841',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 183 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1800',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 184 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 186 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '958',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
		'image' => null,
		'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 228
$ratio = (float) 1.7543859649123
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 91.2
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 86
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined index: MagazineIssue [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61]
Code Context
       <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 126 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2601',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 127 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 128 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2575',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 129 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 130 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 131 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1003',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 132 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2882',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 133 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 134 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 138 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 140 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2438',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 141 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2439',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 142 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2404',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '995',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 143 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2365',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 144 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2366',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 145 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2367',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 146 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2335',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 147 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2336',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 148 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2298',
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2267',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 166 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 167 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2123',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 169 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 170 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 171 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 172 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '1401',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
		'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
		'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 201
$ratio = (float) 1.9900497512438
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 80.4
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Trying to access array offset on value of type null [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61]
Code Context
       <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
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			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
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			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
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			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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	),
	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 138 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
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	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 141 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2439',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 142 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2404',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '995',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2365',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2366',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 145 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2367',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2335',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
	(int) 147 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2336',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 148 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 149 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	(int) 151 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
	(int) 152 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2301',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2267',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
	(int) 154 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2268',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	(int) 155 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	(int) 157 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
	(int) 159 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2176',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
	(int) 160 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
	(int) 161 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 162 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2151',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 163 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2113',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 166 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 167 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2122',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 168 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2123',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 169 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 170 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 171 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 172 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 174 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1901',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 175 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1902',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 176 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 177 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1868',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 178 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1869',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 179 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1838',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 180 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1839',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 181 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1840',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 182 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1841',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 183 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1800',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 184 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 186 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '1401',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
		'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
		'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 201
$ratio = (float) 1.9900497512438
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 80.4
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined index: MagazineIssue [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61]
Code Context
       <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 126 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2601',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 127 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 128 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2575',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 129 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 130 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 131 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1003',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 132 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2882',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 133 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 134 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 138 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 140 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2438',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
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			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
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			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
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			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
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			'publish_date' => null
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			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
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			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
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			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
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			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2301',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2267',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
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			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2268',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	(int) 157 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2176',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 162 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2151',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2113',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2122',
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 172 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 178 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
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			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 179 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1838',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 180 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1839',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
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		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1840',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 182 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1841',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 183 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1800',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 184 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 186 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '1402',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
		'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
		'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 230
$ratio = (float) 1.7391304347826
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 92
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Trying to access array offset on value of type null [APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61]
Code Context
       <div class="category">

      <span class="label label-danger">

                  <?php echo $this->Html->link($issue_title['MagazineIssue']['title'], 
$viewFile = '/var/www/html/newbusinessage.com/app/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'current_user' => null,
	'logged_in' => false
)
$current_user = null
$logged_in = false
$cat_id = '26'
$magazineArticles = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4297',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ethical Leadership in Banking Sector',
			'image' => '20240313040929_Ethical Banking.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'By prioritising ethical conduct, banks foster trust, inspire customer confidence, and ensure the long-term sustainability of both the institution and the financial system.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Kathmandu’s Drinking Water Woes',
			'image' => '20240313041624_nepal-water-shortage.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Kathmandu Valley needs effective water management strategies, such as storing monsoon rainwater for utilisation during the dry season.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4299',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1280',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Indigenous Products on Economic Mobility',
			'image' => '20240313042211_Thangka-Painting-in-Nepal-1-1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governments and policymakers should acknowledge the importance of indigenous goods and back initiatives that promote their production and sale',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4252',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'UN Agendas and Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211092706_Climate change.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'The consequences faced by the Himalayas, particularly the loss of snow cover on mountains due to global warming, call for urgent actions',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4253',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Assessing Impacts of News on Stock Market',
			'image' => '20240211093041_News.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market reactions to news can vary significantly as impacts depend on how the information is interpreted and when it is released.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4254',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Private Sector Participation in Hydropower Sector',
			'image' => '20240211093301_Prospects of Indian Investment in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government should issue licences only to genuine developers and revoke licence from those who lack the essential prerequisites.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4255',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'AI in the Workplace',
			'image' => '20240211093541_people-generating-images-using-artificial-intelligence-laptop.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An inclusive environment for human labour and AI can be fostered through education and ethical practices.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4256',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1279',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Valuation Practices in the PE/VC Industry in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240211094142_2024-02-11 21.14.37.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4202',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Emerging Risks',
			'image' => '20240107090318_2024-01-07 21.02.51.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The uncharted territory for insurance in a tech-driven world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4203',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economics of Potable Water',
			'image' => '20240107090751_2024-01-07 21.07.48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The bottled water industry is seen as a promising avenue for Nepal to reduce its trade deficit by boosting exports.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4204',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revitalising Nepali Economy',
			'image' => '20240107091106_2024-01-07 21.11.01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Learning from economic giants in the neighbourhood to shape Nepal's future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Secrets Behind Singapore's Success',
			'image' => '20240107091538_2024-01-07 21.14.49.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Singapore's resilience and unique governance model continue to position it as a global economic powerhouse.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4206',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC Ecosystem and its Players in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092028_plant.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The efforts of PE/VC firms, government bodies and other stakeholders are forging a pathway towards comprehensive economic empowerment and sustainable growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4207',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1278',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Growth of SMEs in Nepal',
			'image' => '20240107092508_D.jpeg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal boasts more than 923,000 registered businesses, with a substantial 90% falling under the MSME category, contributing to 45% of total employment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4156',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inflation Hits the Kitchen',
			'image' => '20231212024446_empty-wallet-due-coronavirus-economic-impact-social-banner-illustration.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Households are facing the heat as prices of major food items have seen a significant rise.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4157',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Climate Crisis',
			'image' => '20231212024921_2023-12-12 14.48.34.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Guterres takes a stand on impacts of climate change in the Himalayas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4158',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Confronting Managers',
			'image' => '20231212025755_A.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In an era of rapid workplace changes, managers are facing the intricate challenge of monitoring and enhancing team productivity.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4159',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1277',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Opportunities to Investments',
			'image' => '20231212030801_Team Ventures 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'PE/VCs Deal Sourcing and Due Diligence',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Provident Funds for the Economy',
			'image' => '20231117103912_Provident fund.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Optimising investment patterns is crucial in navigating challenges that provident fund schemes are seeing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4115',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal's Tea Potential',
			'image' => '20231117110526_Nepal-Tea-Featured.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The indifference to recognizing tea as a high-value cash crop may be attributed to its presence in the country as an inexpensive and ubiquitous refreshment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4116',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sources of Foreign Exchange Earnings',
			'image' => '20231117111000_money-1578510_1280.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Export of services, export of goods, international tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment are Nepal’s forex sources.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4117',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1276',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PE/VC: Transforming Industries and Fuelling Economic Growth',
			'image' => 'PEV.png',
			'short_content' => 'The rise of PE/VC investments in Nepal is a testament to the country's potential for economic growth and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Untapped Potential of Mahakali River',
			'image' => '20231015120432_Mahakali nadi.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With lengthy discussions but not concrete actions taken, this potentially transformative project has remained an unrealized aspiration for both nations.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 23 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Conundrum',
			'image' => '20231015010056_Foreign aid erosion 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to reevaluate its approach and prioritise the utilisation of foreign aid for capital formation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Exodus of Nepali Youth',
			'image' => '20231016101801_2023-10-16 10.17.45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The mass departure of Nepali youth presents a big challenge to the country's economic development',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4074',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Treacherous Journey of Economy',
			'image' => '20231015011244_Money.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a looming fear of Nepal losing further market access as the country is on the path to graduating from the category of LDC in just two and a half years',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 26 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4075',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Makes Finnish Educational System Special',
			'image' => '20231015011813_Education 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Finland has earned the distinction of having the most egalitarian educational system in the world with the smallest difference between its lowest and top achievers',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 27 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4076',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1275',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Investment Renaissance',
			'image' => '20231016101633_20231015012145_person-placing-coin-pile-coins.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Private Equity and Venture Capital are playing pivotal roles in strengthening SMEs, attracting local private and international investment, and fostering innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 28 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4020',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taming Koshi',
			'image' => '20230915024322_2023-09-15 14.42.59.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can benefit from the waters of Saptakoshi, particularly in flood safety, irrigation benefits, hydropower production, and waterway access to the Bay of Bengal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 29 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4021',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Money Market Landscape',
			'image' => '20230915041332_jasdasd.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A collaborative approach involving the government, banks, and the central bank is a must for a robust money market',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 30 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4022',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resources Policies of Emerging Nations',
			'image' => '20230915041635_HRM 2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'How Finding and Retaining the Right Talent Transforms Organizations',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 31 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tackling Food Insecurity',
			'image' => '20230915042154_2023-09-15 16.21.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal can improve food supply and boost exports by increasing staple crop production and promoting high-value agriculture',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 32 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4024',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Let's Clean Up Nepal',
			'image' => '20230915042953_2023-09-15 16.29.41.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fostering a Greener Future for Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 33 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4025',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Call to Depoliticise Tribhuvan University',
			'image' => '20230915051633_2023-09-15 17.15.20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepotism and favouritism now run rampant within TU, undermining the environment for effective teaching and learning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 34 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '4026',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1274',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resilient Economy for a Prosperous Future',
			'image' => '20230915051830_2023-09-15 17.18.21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With a focused and concerted effort, Nepal can overcome its obstacles and emerge as a resilient and prosperous nation',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 35 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3954',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Securing Cyberspace',
			'image' => '20230808122443_cyber-security_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Education, infrastructure key to building a cyber safe Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 36 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3955',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing ESG Reporting',
			'image' => '20230808122330_2023-08-08 12.22.06_16x9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Paving the way for sustainable investing in Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 37 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3956',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Roadmap for Development',
			'image' => '20230808122939_2_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Effective management of capital expenditure is needed for better returns on investment',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 38 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'TIFA and the Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808124659_2023-08-08 12.46.00_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs to intensify new rounds of negotiations to obtain grace periods for preferential market access after its graduation from LDC',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 39 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1271',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Navigating the Way Forward in Nepal-US Trade',
			'image' => '20230808125656_2023-08-08 12.53.36_11zon.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal must negotiate with US for trade preferences to rekindle the glory days of exports',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 40 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Unlocking Nepal’s Potentials ',
			'image' => '20230713125419_Airport 3.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 41 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Boosting Capital Expenditure ',
			'image' => '20230713125923_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 42 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3929',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Up Fast',
			'image' => '20230713014845_From Doi Moi reforms to Vietnamese billionaires.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 43 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3931',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1270',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Decoding Tax Anomalies',
			'image' => '20230713020505_a2.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 44 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3906',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing the Demographic Dividend',
			'image' => '20230609114919_Screenshot 2023-06-09 114815.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The workforce retention problem in Nepal is a long-standing national issue, with an increasing number of young Nepalis leaving the country for education or employment abroad. Efforts to address the problem from both the public and private sectors have been unsuccessful. Even businesses implementing measures such as training, career development, and competitive salaries struggle to retain employees, who are often accepting foreign jobs to save money. This trend of people leaving the country affects various sectors and leads to a human resource problem, hindering economic growth. Government policies and neglect of crucial aspects of labor market management exacerbate the situation. The solution to this problem requires interventions from society and the government, considering multiple factors beyond employers' control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 45 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3907',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insights from the 2021 Census',
			'image' => '20230609115522_aaaa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the interrelation between population dynamics and employment in Nepal. The population growth rate has declined in recent years, and the changing nature of the population will have implications for employment in the future. The article highlights the issue of unemployment in Nepal and the need for more job opportunities. It also addresses the reasons for individuals not being economically active, such as students, household chores, and age-related factors. The changing population composition, with a growing working-age population and an increasing elderly population, is emphasized, along with the need to plan for old-age support and social security schemes. Migration is identified as another significant factor influencing population demographics and employment. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding and addressing population trends to determine Nepal's economic trajectory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 46 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3908',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1269',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Easing the Burden',
			'image' => '20230609120247_Screenshot 2023-06-09 120146.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Banks in Nepal have decided to lower their interest rates on deposits, providing relief to borrowers who have been burdened by high interest rates for nearly a year. The reduction in rates offers hope for a more favorable business environment, although it may not spur a significant surge in investment immediately. The determination of interest rates is influenced by the availability of loanable funds, perceived risk, and central bank policies. The surplus liquidity position of banks and healthy deposit mobilization have empowered them to extend loans, and further reductions in interest rates on loans are expected. The tightening of monetary policy in response to increased imports has negatively affected economic activities, resulting in declines in credit flow, production, consumption, and transactions across various sectors. However, the policy has had positive impacts on the country's balance of payments and foreign currency reserves. The revised monetary policy has made some adjustments, including a reduction in the bank rate and an increase in the threshold for restructuring and rescheduling of credit for small enterprises. While the private sector has criticized the policy as insufficient, bankers anticipate a significant decrease in interest rates in the near future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 47 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3870',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Jobs, More Jobs, and Better Jobs: Key Agenda for the 2080 Decade',
			'image' => '20230602120139_Job.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepali society benefits when more people become productive and contribute to the country’s growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 48 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3872',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reimagining Nepal’s Human Capital',
			'image' => '20230602011154_people coming back in nepal from other country for festival_tribhuvan international airport_TIA_dashain (2).JPG',
			'short_content' => 'The global Nepalis will bring disruption',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 49 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3873',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Shifting Towards Knowledge Economy: Sanjaya Golchha',
			'image' => '20230602011823_Knowledge Economy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal has the potential to meet the global demand for back-office jobs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 50 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3874',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Embracing the Future: By Dr Prativa Pandey',
			'image' => '20230602013534_aa.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and rapid digital transformation have the potential to bring about significant changes in emerging economies like Nepal, increasing productivity and promoting innovation. To benefit from the 4IR, Nepal should focus on fostering an innovation mindset and ecosystem, transforming governance, and mobilizing human resources.  Nepal's low innovation ranking and vulnerable economy can be addressed by investing in research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, incentivizing academia and industry. Strategic innovation policies should be implemented to create a thriving innovation ecosystem and bridge the digital divide within society.  Governments in Nepal must be proactive and agile in responding to the opportunities and challenges of the 4IR by reimagining policies and laws. By prioritizing industrial and infrastructural innovation, Nepal can take advantage of its impending graduation from least developed country (LDC) status and attract private sector investments.  Nepal needs to overhaul its education system to cater to the needs of a dynamic workforce and address the lack of technological interventions and upskilling in various sectors. Special support should be provided to businesses investing in innovation and technological upgrades, promoting competitiveness in the global market. Engaging the Nepalese diaspora and collaborating through partnerships can also contribute to reversing the brain drain and turning it into brain gain and circulation.  It is crucial for Nepal and other least developed countries to keep pace with technological advancements to avoid further widening the gap between developed and developing nations, which could exacerbate issues of inequality and exclusion. As the 4IR unfolds, shared decision-making is necessary to ensure inclusion, equality, and the preservation of collective human identity and societal ethics.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 51 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3875',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Education and New Economy: By Aswin Parajuli',
			'image' => '20230602014206_Education.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The modern education system has failed to keep up with the needs of the new economy, which is characterized by knowledge as the decisive factor of production. Despite the introduction of formal education in Nepal and claims of fundamental changes, the education system has not brought about significant advancements.  The digitization process, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the digital divide in education, where students with access to digital resources have an advantage over those without. Developing countries lag behind in investing in digital-friendly classrooms and infrastructure, leading to poor educational outcomes.  The green economy concept lacks a theoretical framework and is seen as an imposition on developing countries. The slow acceptance of green investments and the lack of speculation in the green market contribute to its limited growth.  The adoption of a circular economy, emphasizing durability, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, faces challenges due to the prevailing fossil fuel-based economic system and protectionism. Integrating circular economy principles into education systems and curricula is a distant prospect.  The gig economy, where individuals without formal education can earn more than graduates, is gaining prominence, but the lack of supportive policies hinders innovation in this area.  The world needs a digital economy, green economy, circular economy, and gig economy. However, the digital divide, lack of theoretical frameworks, and protectionism impede their progress. The education system's focus on degrees and certificates fails to address the needs of the new economy, while the consumerism mindset prevails.  Overall, the education system must adapt to the requirements of the new economy and incorporate the principles of digitalization, sustainability, circularity, and innovation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 52 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3876',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Employment: By Rajendra Prasad Koirala',
			'image' => '20230602014923_working-with-a-staffing-agency-1024x682.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article discusses the concept of the fifth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 5.0, which focuses on the "internet of bodies" and "bionic augmentation" for the betterment of society and humanity. It highlights the need for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly models and the importance of ESG investing. The article also explores the concept of a circular economy and the challenges and potential of extracting resources from celestial bodies. It emphasizes the importance of diversity and STEM expertise in boardrooms and the need for regulations to keep pace with technological advancements. The future of work, including work-life balance, gender equality, and flexible work arrangements, is also discussed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 53 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3877',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development Through River Cooperation BY Rajendra Prasad Adhikary',
			'image' => '20230602015351_karnali.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the importance of the United Nations High Seas Treaty for regional water resource development. It discusses the impact of climate change on the monsoon rains and freshwater sources in the Himalayan region, emphasizing the need for water storage projects and benefit-sharing agreements among neighboring countries. The role of external mediators like the World Bank in resolving water conflicts is also emphasized. The article suggests that large-scale water resource projects across transboundary rivers can uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the region and contribute to climate change adaptation strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 54 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3878',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1267',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Trade BY Dikshya Singh',
			'image' => '20230602015920_Handicraf.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This article highlights the multiple barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in scaling up their businesses, particularly in accessing international trade. Women-led firms, in addition to general challenges faced by small businesses, encounter social and cultural barriers, limited access to information, difficulties in accessing capital, and risks associated with exports. The lack of market intelligence, language barriers, limited access to resources and networks, and time constraints further hinder their participation in international trade. Bridging the information gap and providing necessary support and resources are essential for empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting their engagement in trade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 55 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3851',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Safeguarding Nepali Eeconomy',
			'image' => '20230415084003_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite establishing trade relationships with nearly 150 countries worldwide, Nepal depends on India for over 75% of our essential goods, including food, fuel, medicine, and chemical fertilisers. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 56 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3852',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1266',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Repercussions of Disaster',
			'image' => '20230415084054_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The probability of disasters occurring worldwide is increasing. The Annual Weather, Climate, and Catastrophe Insight Report 2023 revealed that natural catastrophes alone resulted in $313 billion in global economic losses.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 57 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is a Financial Crisis Looming in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20230306024317_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial sector is at the crossroads. While the commercial banks are facing an increasing volume of non performing assets (NPA) and on and off liquidity crunch, high interest rates have destabilized economic activities,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 58 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1265',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Organised Street Vending',
			'image' => '20230306025336_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The vibrant city life of old Kathmandu, characterised by street vendors selling fruits and vegetables and farmers carrying their kharpans - a pair of baskets slung on a pole and carried across the shoulders;',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 59 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3778',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Consequences of Divorce',
			'image' => '20230210073200_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Divorce rates are on the rise worldwide. Sociologists have identified significant differences in the causes of divorce across different countries and regions. Adultery is a leading cause of divorce worldwide, with estimates suggesting that it contributes to a significant portion of divorces in many countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 60 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3779',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1264',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Coexisting with Nature',
			'image' => '20230210073341_Clipboard13.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Recent international conferences in Egypt and Montreal focused on addressing the climate crisis and protecting biodiversity. The outcomes of these conferences, including plans for global emission reduction',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 61 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3723',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women's Hardships in Informal Economy',
			'image' => '20221211080917_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'One can easily get glimpses of the informal economy while passing through the streets of Kathmandu. From street vendors to home-based workers, the informal economy accounts for economic activities that are carried out with informality. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 62 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3724',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1261',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Emergence & Evolution of Privatisation',
			'image' => '20221211081324_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'An industry or business becomes privatised when it is moved from public to private ownership. The area of the economy that is managed by governmental organisations is known as the public sector.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 63 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3696',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal Needs to Invest in CLIMATE-RESILIENT Infrastructure',
			'image' => '20221114074839_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a developing country in the global south, Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Various reports have shown that it is often the lower-income countries that are at greater risk due to climate change ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 64 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3697',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1258',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' River Diversion can be a Milestone in Country’s Agro-economic Growth',
			'image' => '20221116071750_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Of the 225 billion cubic metres of surface water obtained yearly from the monsoon rain and snow melt, less than 10% are in productive utilisation within the country’s boundary. Remaining flow as floods, inundating lowlands of Tarai before entering the Indian territory.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 65 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3652',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Prioritising Digital Literacy for Women Entrepreneurs',
			'image' => '20221017072323_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In recent decades, technological revolutions have occurred at an ever-increasing pace. People use the Internet and digital technologies to access social media, education, businesses, healthcare, jobs, financial services, government services, and much more. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 66 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3653',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Economic Miracles of Japan After World War II',
			'image' => '20221017072740_000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Japan's transformation into a major economic force in less than 40 years following the end of World War II has been a somewhat exceptional outlier in the history of contemporary economics. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 67 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3654',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1240',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Waking Up to Climate Change',
			'image' => '20221017073145_0000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'With the increasing incidents of loss of human lives and property by natural disasters, Nepal ranks fourth in the Global Climate Risk Index which analyses the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 68 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3589',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1232',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Some Measures to Reduce Fuel Consumption',
			'image' => '20220808121128_Clipboard80.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fuel includes diesel, petrol, kerosene, gas, and even aviation fuel, all of which we import, and which are sold through Nepal Oil Corporation. When there is no fuel, the factory does not run, the movement of people is stopped,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 69 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3397',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1145',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Slower Yet Gradual Growth Expected for Nepal Amid Global Challenges',
			'image' => '20220509023857_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy, led by recovery of the services sector amid high COVID vaccination rates, is expected to grow by 3.7% in the current fiscal year and 4.1% in FY2022/23.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 70 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NEPAL LEADERSHIP SUMMIT : Why the Roadmap is not Implemented Yet?',
			'image' => '20220406101051_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Birgunj is a place whose economic dimensions are related to the development of the overall economy. Being the main gateway of the country, there is no doubt that the development of Birgunj will be the basis for economic development of the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 71 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN : Stalwarts of Tiger Economy',
			'image' => '20220406101150_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all part of East Asia. Favourable political and legal conditions for industry and commerce, as well as vast natural resources and plentiful supply of relatively low-cost, skilled, and adaptable labour',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 72 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3339',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Contractors Lack Expertise and Experience to Bag Contracts Under MCC',
			'image' => '20220406101302_Clipboard19.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Although Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba called upon the Nepali construction companies to take maximum benefit from the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) ratified by the parliament, it is highly unlikely that they will be able to apply for the contract.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 73 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3340',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CONNECTIVITY IN SOUTH ASIAN SUB-REGION : Delusion or Reality',
			'image' => '20220406101423_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) was established in 2001 as the offshoot of SAARC, aimed at enhancing economic cooperation among its four member countries- Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 74 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3341',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Monopoly of Transporter in Overseas Trade',
			'image' => '20220406102246_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In the last five years, many competitive initiatives have been taken to facilitate the transportation system of Nepal's overseas trade. As competition grows, so does the cost of transportation.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 75 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3342',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1118',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Swelling Trade Deficit of Nepal',
			'image' => '20220406122427_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The journey along the trade deficit of Nepal has been a long and bumpy phenomenon. Yet there is no sign of a low tide in Nepal's trade deficit. Historical data on the ratio of the trade deficit to GDP between 1965 and 2020 shows that low tide prevailed',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 76 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1087',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Growth DILEMMA',
			'image' => '20220312063449_Clipboard78.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Growth is an effect; capacity development is the cause of the growth.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 77 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3198',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'POLITICAL PARTIES : A Picture of Sleaze',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'We used to see political leaders walking around in torn slippers just a few years ago. How on earth have they become billionaires now in an interval of just five to 10 years?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 78 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3199',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What Causes Interest Rate Volatility in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20220108031416_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Our inability to hold money is creating a liquidity problem which has contributed to the increase in lending rates.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 79 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3200',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Can We Enlarge the Choices for the People?',
			'image' => '20220108032003_ppppp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite all the political rhetoric, the crucial challenges before the country are alleviating hardship, reducing poverty and achieving decent living standards.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 80 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3201',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1030',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bureaucracy : An Agenda for Reforms',
			'image' => '20220108032440_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic witnessed a cataclysmic failure of bureaucrats to reach out to the masses in time in terms of men, materials, medicines and mobility.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 81 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1029',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Pandemic Stimulus : Effects on Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20211211085548_1 Economy and Policy dec 2021.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'EMs have a big challenge in hand, as to how to handle the situation and accelerate the process of growth over the next 12 to 18 months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 82 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3148',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BUSINESS REDEFINED',
			'image' => '20211113080333_Clipboard12.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' People involved in business need to be mindful of developments taking place around the globe- both threats as well as opportunities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 83 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal's Foreign Policy : Then and Now',
			'image' => '20211113080714_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Nepal needs a new approach to foreign policy to make its presence felt on the global stage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 84 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1028',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Inroads to Clean and Green Energy',
			'image' => '20211113081155_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Countries around the world are making a mark in the realm of clean and green energy in an effort to contain and reverse the process of climate change.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 85 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3125',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1027',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Suggestions to HR Professionals in Technology Sector',
			'image' => '20211006092021_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Utilisation of available technologies and deploying new techniques in human resources management has become important in talent retention and productivity growth of employees.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 86 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3096',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' CHINA AND INDIA : A Tale of Two Economies',
			'image' => '20210905084020_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'China and India have come a long way to become leading economic powers of the world. The countries will continue to spur on the global economy while pursuing their national interests and agendas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 87 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3097',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Future Aircraft for Nepal Airlines Corporation',
			'image' => '20210905082853_2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fleet expansion is undoubtedly a necessity for NAC in a pos- pandemic world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 88 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3098',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1026',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting the Dots in Multimodal Terminals',
			'image' => '20210905082543_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The idea of connectivity in eastern South Asia, gained pace with the signing of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) in 2015.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 89 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3070',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards Recovery and Revival of Tourism Industry',
			'image' => '20210807045341_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' Travel, tourism and hospitality businesses are going to need to STEP up to face the challenges of the future.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 90 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3071',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Efficacy of IBC in the Indian Financial Market',
			'image' => '20210807045805_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government of India had introduced IBC in 2016, which would consolidate the existing framework and create a new institutional structure.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 91 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1025',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Development with Social Values',
			'image' => '20210807050220_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'All these changes seen in all walks of life including families can be attributed to the disproportionate emphasis being given by us on material possession and consumption.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 92 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3031',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Towards a Foreign Investment Haven',
			'image' => '20210531022152_Clipboard28.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When a country is at war with its neighbours, it hits investment and trade. Nepal is in a comfortable position to attract investment from its major neighbours, India and China, as there is no tussle with any of them. Nepal should become an investment haven for foreign investors.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 93 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3032',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1023',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Enablers of Multimodal Connectivity',
			'image' => '20210531022744_Clipboard25.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Integration of various modes of transport, and the transport corridors is gaining pace in a bid to reduce the cost of delivery of goods and achieve efficiency in international trade. The process is reinforced by the adoption of a multimodal transport system that enables linkages',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 94 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3007',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CAPTIVATING NEIGHBOURS',
			'image' => '20210501025025_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal could be a conduit for linking the rest of South Asia with China and further north with central Asian countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 95 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '3008',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1022',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Staving Off the ECONOMIC CRISIS',
			'image' => '20210501025837_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => ' In addition to strengthening the healthcare system during the pandemic, the budget for the upcoming fiscal year 2021/22 should also focus on creating jobs by expediting development projects and supporting businesses and industries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 96 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' NEPALI ECONOMY : SLIPS INTO RECESSION',
			'image' => '20210330084116_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Never in its history has Nepal gone into a contraction of this kind and extent. It will require a big effort to take the economy out of the current recession.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 97 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1021',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BOOK BUILDING METHOD IN IPOS',
			'image' => '20210330084543_20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This new method of share issuance can pave the way for the future growth of the Nepali stock market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 98 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2959',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Transparency in Mergers : An Employee Perspective',
			'image' => '20210307074331_45.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In Nepal, merger and acquisitions (M&As) is practiced mainly in the banking sector. Following the directives issued by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) in the Monetary Policy for FY2015/16 which required banks and financial institutions (BFIs) to enhance their paid-up capital by four-fold (from Rs 2 billion to Rs 8 billion in case of commercial banks), M&As turned into a binding reality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 99 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2960',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Investing in AGRIBUSINESS in Nepal',
			'image' => '20210307074759_11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market studies and assessment of investment opportunities in Nepal often cite agriculture as a priority sector. Reasons include the predominant role of agriculture in the Nepali economy, the government’s focus on propelling the sector forward through programmes such as the Agriculture Development Strategy',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 100 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2961',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Graduate, or Not  to Graduate',
			'image' => '20210307075228_Clipboard15.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What will happen to international support measures once Nepal graduates from the league of least developed countries (LDCs) to that of developing nations? This is the question hovering over Nepal as the country prepares to exit the group of LDCs.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 101 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2962',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1020',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NRB’s Consultation Paper on Payment in Foreign Exchange',
			'image' => '20210307083747_67.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Unveiling the Monetary Policy for Fiscal Year 2020/21, Maha Prasad Adhikari, governor of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) announced that arrangements will be made for granting exchange control facility to Nepali individuals and entities in order to effectuate online purchases of goods and services from abroad. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 102 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2930',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1019',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'After a Year of Disappointments',
			'image' => '20210207092127_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The threat of the disease is still there and the government recently confirmed that a new strain of coronavirus that originated in the UK has arrived in Nepal. This strain of virus is said to be much more infectious. But Nepalis no longer have the patience to confine themselves to their homes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 103 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2864',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking a Journey to Paperless Trade',
			'image' => '20210119020338_999.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first industrial revolution started in the early 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and the mechanisation of the production process. The use of machines in production helped to increase overall economic output and improved the living standards of the middle and upper classes',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 104 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2866',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1018',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Removing the Constraints in Transit Transport and Trade Facilitation',
			'image' => '20210119015726_111.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When it comes to trade and transit, Nepal as a land-locked country faces problems in multiple areas. The problems are related to policy, institutional, infrastructure, legal and procedural matters, administrative and information sharing.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 105 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2828',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Recommendations for Monetary Policy Implementation',
			'image' => '20201219070051_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Despite several severe shocks in the past such as conflicts, unstable governments, earthquakes, and trade disruptions, Nepal has made strong progress in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 106 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2829',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1017',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fiscal Stability in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201219070109_nba byline.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There is a long-standing debate if fiscal dominance is more important than fiscal stability in the emerging economies.  I will make an attempt to appreciate this issue with reference to India, as a leading economy not only in the SAARC region but also globally. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 107 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2801',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Journey from Queues to Computers',
			'image' => '20201108024708_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The story of the securities market in Nepal officially began with the issuance of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd. in 1937. The Companies Act of Nepal was introduced in 1964, which was followed by the issuance of the first government bond. The establishment of the Securities Exchange Center Limited in 1976 was the big step that led to the eventual formation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 108 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2802',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Various Aspects of Aircraft Leasing',
			'image' => '20201113080959_nba.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Aircraft leasing is a common practice in the airline industry. The primary reason behind aircraft leasing is the high monetary value of an aircraft. An outright purchase has various implications, basically of a financial kind.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 109 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2803',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy',
			'image' => '20201108030120_Contribution of Mountains to the Tourism Economy_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'For a long time, the lofty mountains in Nepal have been attracting foreigners to visit the small South Asian country to experience the majestic peaks.  It was in 1950, after the establishment of democracy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 110 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2804',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Making Regionalism Work for All',
			'image' => '20201108030442_Making Regionalism Work for All_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is in hibernation due to the long drawn out political and strategic rivalry between India and Pakistan. This regional organisation has not been able to produce tangible output over a period of three and a half decades. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 111 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2805',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1016',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'CSA : Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants',
			'image' => '20201108030806_Milestone for Smallholders and Returning Migrants_1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The monsoon season is loved in Nepal, especially by the farmers. The sound and smell of Asar (June-July) rain is just as beautiful as the sight of cheerful farmers planting rice in their fields. The planting season begins on Asar 15 (June 30) of the Nepali calendar and traditionally celebrated with the delicacy of ‘Dahi Chuira’ (yogurt and beaten rice).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 112 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2727',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Attracting Millennials to Insurance',
			'image' => '20200917012149_8.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Millennials, also known as Gen Y, represents the generation of people born fromthe early 1980s to mid-1990s. Members of this demographic cohort are considered the next generation of insurance consumers as a majority of them have entered into their thirties by 2020. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 113 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2728',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Importance of Alternative Investment Funds',
			'image' => '20200917094424_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The promulgation of the new constitution which heralded political and economical stability has undoubtedly provided a firm platform for diverse investment opportunities in Nepal. The government also seems to be aware of the opportunities and challenges foreign investments offer to developing economies like ours. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 114 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2729',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1015',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'OVERSUBSCRIPTION OF IPOS : Rational Decision or Mass Ignorance?',
			'image' => '20200917094811_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Initial Public Offering (IPO) has been a major source for raising capital for private companies for a long time. The transition from a private company to a public company enables the private investors to realise gains on their investments through share premiums while allowing the public investors to raise the capital ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 115 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2704',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1014',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Service Tax and the New World Tax Order Post-Pandemic',
			'image' => '20200817043758_12.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The United States has unilaterally pulled out from negotiations on OECD’s effort to forge a global consensus on taxation of digital services. The US Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin’s letter to finance ministers of four European countries stating that the negotiation has reached an ‘impasse’ and a threat of retaliatory tariff does not augur well for international taxation regime.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 116 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2670',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Covid-19 Pandemic : A Storm of Inequality in the Offing',
			'image' => '20200720022453_Economy_Policy.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are still going through the eye of storm known as Sars-CoV-2. Numerous economists, thinkers and opinion makers across the globe everyday are trying to figure out what would be the world order post covid-19.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 117 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2671',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Approach to Lending in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200724101624_rajib_giri_nbajuly2020.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The basic philosophy of lending is primarily to assess the borrower’s “ability or capacity to pay” and “willingness to pay” aspects. The entire credit process revolves around these two fundamental questions. There are numerous credit tools available to determine the ‘capacity to pay’ aspect viz assessing',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 118 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2672',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1013',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Getting Things Right in Supply Chain and Logistics Management',
			'image' => '20200720023423_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the global supply chains and logistics in unprecedented ways. Being an import-based economy, Nepal finds itself surrounded by the global crisis in ways no one had probably imagined. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 119 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Closer Look into Fixed Interest Rate Mechanism on Loans in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093116_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank recently issued directions to banks to decide and publish fixed interest rates on term loans. In this backdrop, the scenarios and modalities for fixed interest rates in the Nepali financial market need to be analysed.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 120 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1012',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reorganising Public Health Services in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200630093832_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Riding on the whirlwind came Corona in the month of December 2019 crying “Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) and so it was. The Pandemic has already taken the lives of over 400,000 people all over the world and six million Covid-19 patients are struggling in the hospitals for their lives all over the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 121 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2620',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Taking Economy Out of COVID-19 Slump',
			'image' => '20200517035134_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It’s obvious that the Nepali economy will be affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic through various channels. But quantifying the magnitude of the economic effects of the ongoing global health crisis under a range of scenarios is a real challenge.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 122 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2621',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Familiar with the Bulls and Bears: But what about the Others?',
			'image' => '20200517040523_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Thanks to Nepal’s capital formation efforts, the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) celebrated 25 glorious years since it opened its trading floor on 13 January 1994 to impart free marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 123 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2622',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for Labour Statistics in Nepal',
			'image' => '20200517040816_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The COVID-19 pandemic has held the whole world in its grip. One of the most critical scenarios in Nepal is the situation of migrant workers returning to their homes, many of whom are stuck at both sides of the Nepal-India border. The situation looks more and more like a humanitarian crisis.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 124 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2623',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1011',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reigniting Nepal’s Economic Engine Post-pandemic',
			'image' => '20200517041048_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Covid-19 has disrupted the global economy as never before. Its devastating impact lies in its unpredictable and swift spread across the globe with phenomenal speed. The citizens of the world were caught off-guard when governments the world over - at the behest of the World Health Organization (WHO) -started imposing lockdown in their countries promoting ‘social distancing’ to prevent physical contact of individuals to the maximum extent possible',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 125 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2600',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'FEDERALISM : Bane or Boon',
			'image' => '20200416073129_00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Federalism and secularism were the two major agendas espoused by the Maoist party during their ten-year long war waged against the established political system after 1990. The other political parties like CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress accepted and owned this demand as part of the 12 point agreement signed between the seven party alliance and Maoist party in 2005.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 126 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2601',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1010',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Enhancing Supply Chain Management to Face a Global Challenge',
			'image' => '20200416073620_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented levels of strain in international trade and commerce causing disruptions in the global supply chain that hasn’t been seen post-World War II. Governments across the world are sealing off their land, air and maritime borders in an attempt to stop the spread of the deadly pathogen in their countries. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 127 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2574',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Connecting with the BLUE ECONOMY',
			'image' => '20200311051718_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As a land-locked country, Nepal's outward orientation from the very beginning has hinged upon the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Two Rana Prime Ministers Jung Bahadur and Chandra Shumshere in the course of their visit to England in 1850 and 1908 respectively, started their journey from the port of Kolkata. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 128 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2575',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1009',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PROSPECTS AND TRENDS IN REVENUE MOBILISATION IN NEPAL',
			'image' => '20200314044645_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries has gained increasing prominence in the fiscal policy debate in recent years. This is due to several factors, including the potential benefits of taxation on state building; long term independence from foreign assistance and the shifting aid paradigm; trade liberalisation; and the continued acute financial needs of developing countries.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 129 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How MSMEs Hold the Key to Future Growth in Emerging Markets',
			'image' => '20201010024045_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector plays a significant role in the growth of the emerging market economies especially in the SAARC region.  Not only does it aim to increase the overall GDP of the country, it also provides adequate employment opportunities to the budding entrepreneurs who have limited resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 130 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1006',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Performance of VAT in Nepal',
			'image' => '20201010025110_Clipboard29.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Value Added Tax (VAT), one of the major components of indirect tax, was introduced in Nepal as part of the national tax reform on November 16, 1997 with an objective to increase revenue mobilisation by broadening the tax base and establishing neutrality, efficiency, fairness and transparency in the Nepali tax system. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 131 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1003',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Economic Growth,Rule and Law and Nepal',
			'image' => '20210116081214_Clipboard38.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal needs USD 10 billion of foreign investment a year to achieve double digit growth and take it to middle-income country status according to Finance Minister Yuba Raj Khatiwada in an interview he gave at the close of the Nepal Investment Summit in March.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 132 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2882',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Nepali Private Sector and Infrastructure Investment',
			'image' => '20210115022105_Clipboard05.jpg',
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 133 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2883',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '1001',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Realising the Potential of Micro and Small Enterprises',
			'image' => '20210115022337_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Developing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) opens the doors of opportunity for poverty reduction and enhances the country’s overall development. This is because such enterprises enable people at the bottom of the pyramid to get the opportunity to realise their potential.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 134 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2525',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '999',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Wealth Management - An Unexplored Proposition in Nepal',
			'image' => '20190609082643_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wealth management is a service that encompasses the overall financial requirement of affluent individuals including investment advisory services. Based on the client’s needs, wealth management provides a tailored solution to address the different stages of a person’s financial life.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 135 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nagdhunga-Sisne Khola Tunnel : Unnecessary?',
			'image' => '20190511074505_Economy_Tunnel.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to a news report published in Aarthik Abhiayn national daily on March 19, 2019, the government is pushing ahead with the selection of contractor for the tunnel being considered between Sisne Khola and Nagdhunga. Apparently, the tunnel will only reduce a distance of 2.1 kilometers from the existing route. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 136 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2496',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'BoT and BoP Deficits : Some Thoughts',
			'image' => '20190511075702_Economy & Policy_3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s trade deficit surged by 87.44 per cent during the first five months of the current fiscal year 2075-2076 (2018-2019) compared to the same period the previous fiscal year. Such deficit widened to a whopping Rs 277.13 billion in the review period, as against Rs 140.03 billion in the same period a year ago, as the macroeconomic report of the Nepal Rastra Bank shows. The widening trade deficit has been a matter of serious concern for Nepal as it is continuously rising year after year. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 137 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2497',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '998',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Government,Youths and Jobs',
			'image' => '20190511080426_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s economy is sustained through remittances. The remittance inflow helps Nepal thrive, but it also shows the problem that exists in our society. Nepal has not been able to create jobs domestically which has pushed people to look for jobs beyond our borders. Another issue is that there is little respect for work. People discriminate those holding the so-called “lower class”jobs. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 138 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2463',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '997',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Stabilising Lending Rate',
			'image' => '20190403031406_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The interest rate in the Nepali banking sector has risen significantly over the last few years. In July 2018, the weighted average lending rate (WALR), the aggregate rate of interest paid on all debt, reached to 12.47 percent which was at 8.8 percent in July 2016. The interest rates on hire purchase, bank overdraft rate and real estate sky rocketed to 15-16 percent.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 139 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2437',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women’s Micro-business Ventures during Early Days',
			'image' => '20190308095643_Economy_10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Generally, women face many obstacles on the path of realising their dreams in Nepal. It is the same with starting business ventures on their own. Mostly, men are leading the business sectors and women generally hesitate to venture into the area of business.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 140 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2438',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Changing Dynamics of Banking ',
			'image' => '20190308100152_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In his 2012 book Bank 3.0: Why Banking is No Longer Somewhere you Go, But Something You Do, Brett King has beautifully explained how the face of banking is changing. Probably, the imagery of brick and mortar infrastructure with big branding comes to our mind. But this is now changing. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 141 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2439',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '996',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Glimpse of Budgetary Challenges in FY 2019/20',
			'image' => '20190308101152_eeee.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is said that “there are three kinds of lies – lies, damnable lies and statistics”. Such statistics mislead and create fictions and myths. Though YN Harari, the renowned scholar, says that “those who own the data own the future”, I believe that the reality lies in tangible achievements. Fictions and myths created by statistics start cracking on their own. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 142 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2404',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '995',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha : Economics, Religion and Philosophy',
			'image' => '20190215010923_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'According to our shashtras (religious scriptures), Dharma (religion), Artha (wealth), Kaama (bodily desire) and Moksha (nirvana) are the ultimate goals for a Hindu person. So much has been written on the four objectives from the Vedic times to this day, yet itis impossible for an ordinary mortal like me to comprehend them. Are they to be followed in order? Are they interlinked or independent? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 143 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2365',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Globalization, Supply Chain, Logistics and Nepal',
			'image' => '20190122125438_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The last few decades have seen the waves of globalisation reaching Nepal. Nevertheless, the global supply chain is one of the many aspects of international trade where the country is left untouched, at a time when economies are competing with each other',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 144 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2366',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Competition A Formidable Tool',
			'image' => '20190122010628_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Competition is the recognition of varied levels of merit in every individual and the equal opportunity to show them without any hindrances or hassles.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 145 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2367',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '993',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Sustainable Development, Sustainability Reporting and IFRS',
			'image' => '20190122011756_Clipboard04.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many authors have provided their opinions on sustainability and ways to achieve it. However, there is no standard definition of sustainability. Awareness about sustainability resulted from the concept of sustainable development (SD) which was the main issue for discussion at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => null
		)
	),
	(int) 146 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2335',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Profile of the Nepali Middle Class',
			'image' => '20181206041730_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A Nepali middle class family is no less or better than any middle class family on the Indian sub-continent including South Asia. An important part and parcel of Nepal’s evolution from the end of the Rana Regime to this day of democratic modernism, the Nepali middle class family has have been at the forefront ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 147 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2336',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Creating a Sustainable Textile Value Chain in Nepal',
			'image' => '20181206042539_ep00.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Much has been said about the fated demise of the clothing and textile industry in Nepal after the implementation of the current budget. This is because the industry is going through a very difficult phase. The government recently revoked its VAT refund policy that enabled the textile industry',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 148 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2337',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankrupty Code in India and its Implications-3',
			'image' => '20181206044615_EP000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Until now, the focus was on the IBC process and how IBC was implemented for Bhushan Steel. Now that Tata Steel has won the bid and received most of the clearances required, it is important to understand how Tata Steel has structured the funds required. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 149 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2338',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '992',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rebalancing the Economy',
			'image' => '20181206050524_ep00000.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The role of government is key to promote employment opportunities and economic growth of a country. Increasing government spending on public infrastructures and social capitals and creating conditions conducive to private sector investment are considered as twin enabling factors for attracting investment in the productive sector of the economy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 150 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges Ahead',
			'image' => '20181104035048_Clipboard30.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal never had to confront poverty as seen in some of the countries in Africa. But despite that, Nepal has gone through many social and political conflicts.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 151 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2300',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is There a Remittance Trap?',
			'image' => '20181104035849_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Workers’ remittances—the money migrants send home to their families—command the attention of economists and policymakers because of their potential to improve the lives of millions of people. Amounting to over USD 400 billion in 2017, remittances rank between official development assistance and foreign direct investment in terms of size. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 152 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2301',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '991',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-2',
			'image' => '20181105114256_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The IBC (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code) provisions allow a financial or operational creditor to file an insolvency petition with NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal) in the event of a default by the company.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 153 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2267',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepal’s Accession to the Montreal Convention and its Applicable Liability Regime',
			'image' => '20181002103248_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Warsaw System is considered to be a complex international treaty as states are at liberty to ratify some protocols but not others. For this reason, its applicability may vary from state to state, in accordance with the terms of the ratification of specific instruments under the Warsaw System',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 154 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2268',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '990',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in India and its Implications-1',
			'image' => '20181002110305_Clipboard09.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'There are numerous articles, blogs and write ups that are already present on why Bhushan Steel went into bankruptcy and what ensued after that. The attempt here is to give a consolidated picture of when the debt crisis started, what was the trigger that forced RBI to take a hard look',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 155 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Bancassurance - An integral component of Wealth Management',
			'image' => '20180908124240_Bancassurance.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Bancassurance, in plain words is banks providing insurance services, products or insurance benefits to their clients. Bancassurance is a model whereby both banking and insurance products are sold through the same channel from banks, especially from the branches of a bank. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 156 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '989',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tort Law and Its Applicability in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180908012136_Tort Law.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2017, the Parliament of Nepal passed, and the President of Nepal authenticated, the Civil Code Act 2074 (2017) (“Civil Code”), with the aim of updating and unifying various civil legislations into a single comprehensive unified code.  The Civil Code came into effect on Bhadra 1, 2075 (August 17, 2018). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 157 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2205',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '988',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2018/19 : An Active Approach to Accommodate the Fiscal Policy',
			'image' => '20180809020519_Clipboard03.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The central bank is hopeful that the monetary policy will help to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent set for the current fiscal year while limiting the inflation rate to 6.5 percent. These goals are broadly in line with the mandate of the NRB Act while devising the monetary policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 158 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Rise and Fall of Values in Public Life',
			'image' => '20180705115515_Clipboard06.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Against the background of his election slogan “Make America Great Again” the words of Trump become very significant in terms of assessing his personality of leadership and also how much he cares about the national values of trust and friendship that the United States has so far proclaimed. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 159 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2176',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '987',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Role of Business Consulting in Promoting Agri-business',
			'image' => '20180705120355_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Limited access to improved seeds, new technologies, market opportunities, and the need for reducing the post-harvest loss of crops present themselves as some of the key issues facing Nepali agro entrepreneurs. Though initiatives like ‘Feed the Future’ focusing on artificial fertilization and commercial farming have been in place,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 160 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2149',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Nepali Mutual Funds : Tax Treatment Benefits for Investors',
			'image' => '20180612104220_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The implementation of the new Merchant Banker Regulation 2074 BS, which was approved by the Government of Nepal, was made possible by an amendment to the Merchant Banking Regulation 2064 BS by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 161 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2150',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Future of Commerce is Here',
			'image' => '20180612104417_Clipboard55a.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commerce has come a long way since the evolution of mankind and has evolved keeping pace with mankind, if not faster. From the barter system in ancient days to the invention of currency in more modern era and the current digital age, commerce has seen constant evolution. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 162 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2151',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '986',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Market Economy Whither in Nepal?',
			'image' => '20180612104916_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Market orientation has been the primary theme in public discussion from 1980 onwards as a panacea for all the ills from social to political. Most countries, including those with left leanings, have chosen to shift to a market economy in their economic development strategies.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 163 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2113',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are Credit Models Getting a Beating?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It has now become a prime topic for debate- the recent banking fraud to the extent of INR 12K crores at Punjab National Bank (PNB), the second largest PublicSector Bank (PSB) in India. The media has been very critical about the incident and drew the attention of the whole nation as to how public money has been looted.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 164 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2114',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513105900_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 165 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2120',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Liquidity Problem : An Indicator of Weak Economy',
			'image' => '20180513024354_Clipboard07.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The crisis of lonable fund in the country’s banking system has become a major topic of discussion these days. However, most of the discourses in this regard are focused on finding short-term solutions to tackle the problem. What actually is the liquidity crisis and the reasons behind the worsening situation ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 166 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2121',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Changing Dimensions of Customer–Marketer Relationship in Nepal',
			'image' => '20180513030420_Clipboard08.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In marketing, companies aim to satisfy their customers in the best possible ways, and in the process of doing so, work on various customer-oriented strategies to satisfy and retain their customers, grab the customers of competitors and influence the vulnerable ones. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 167 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2122',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Marxism in the Digital Era',
			'image' => '20180513030929_Clipboard14.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Marxism, to put it simply, is a social, political and economic philosophy that analyses the interrelation between capital, labour and productivity with respect to economic factors. Developed by Karl Marx and further defined by Friedrich Engels, Marxism has been at the centre of many economic theories.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 168 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2123',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '985',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving the Nepali Textile Industry',
			'image' => '20180513031251_Clipboard16.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government in its earnest effort has offered much in the past to promote the domestic textile industry in Nepal. There was a time when Nepali textiles were exported to neighboring countries bringing much of the foreign exchange and investment.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 169 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '2023',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '981',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Road to Prosperity : Through Leadership, Culture and Training',
			'image' => '20180123111408_Clipboard42.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The optimism was voracious, the outlook deeply positive, and the confidence immense. There was an unmistakable air of self-belief among the leaders from different fields at the maiden Management Conclave of Nepal held on December 15 at the Soaltee Crown Plaza. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 170 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1987',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Belt and Road Initiative and LDCs',
			'image' => '20171217110924_Clipboard53.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'When the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) was held on May 14-15, 2017 in Beijing, four Least Developed Countries (LDCs), namely Cambodia, Ethiopia, Laos and Myanmar sent their highest level delegation as their support to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) envisioned by China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 171 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1988',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '980',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dealing with Financial Risk : Derivatives and Leverages',
			'image' => '20171217111519_Clipboard54.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The International financial market has witnessed a series of evolutions over the past few decades resulting in a variety of newer products which have exposed the providers to complex risks. This has necessitated a different approach towards the management of financial risk. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 172 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1963',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics : A Colossal Task',
			'image' => '20171112110418_Clipboard01.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ethics is about doing the right thing. It is absolute, contextual and relative. A general perception persists that a business has to be conducted unethically to be successful, i.e. by evading taxes and fooling customers. It is a short cut to making instant money. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 173 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1964',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '979',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion through Digital Finance : A UNCDF-MM4P Initiative',
			'image' => '20171112111046_Clipboard02.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In a world where many services have become digitized, digital finance has come upfront as a powerful medium of providing financial services, especially to people with little or no access to financial services. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 174 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1901',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Success Narratives',
			'image' => '20170908010517_Clipboard33.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The axis of the series of articles in the past few months has been sustainable development and the role of the Second Pillar and Foreign Aid dynamics. The success narratives of each of these should rightly be the culminating story.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 175 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1902',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Quality Matters',
			'image' => '20170908013206_Clipboard39.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'What satisfies the perception of an end-consumer constitutes quality. This is not only true for all products and services that commercial enterprises provide but also for the public goods and services that a nation offers to its citizens,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 176 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1903',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '977',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contract Farming : A New Model  for Food Security',
			'image' => '20170908013726_Clipboard40.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The definition of contract farming focuses on the coordination between the different parts of a supply chain, involving various participants and contract modalities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 177 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1868',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Second Pillar : Private Sector in Development',
			'image' => '20170804085348_Clipboard47.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'As the different elements of a Post 2015 Development gradually emerge there is at least one element that seems almost pre-ordained. That is, the private sector will have a feature role whether it likes it or not.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 178 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1869',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '976',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Managing Change Managing People',
			'image' => '20170804085936_Clipboard49.jpg',
			'short_content' => '“Change is inevitable” – there is no argument about it. The only thing is how it’s creeping into our lives. When we look around, we see changes have happened and are still happening. Perhaps, they are all happening on their own – a natural process, with its own momentum and irrespective of places and fields. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 179 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1838',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Does Financial Market Need Further Reforms?',
			'image' => '20170708021812_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The Nepali financial system consists of banking and non- banking institutions. The banking sector is like a fountain headed by the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as the central bank and then the commercial banks.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 180 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1839',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Resource Development Issues in a Business Organisation',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Thousands of pages have been written on this subject by experts universally published in management journals and books; classes have been conducted in all MBA schools on the issues confronting human resource managers the world over.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 181 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1840',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'How to become a Millionaire Realistically',
			'image' => '20170708023410_Clipboard20.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Simply, compound interest is the interest earned from the interest reinvested. Investopedia defines compound interest as "the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan."',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 182 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1841',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '975',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Optimistic, Irrational or Questionable?',
			'image' => '20170708023625_Clipboard21.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'In 2015, a change in NRB’s Monetary Policy mandated banks and financial Institutions (BFIs) to increase their paid-up capital by almost four times. With the deadline for the paid-up capital hike approaching by the end of the FY 2016/17, BFIs are on a mission to meet',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 183 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1800',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Federalism a Necessity, Not a Choice',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The fact that Federalism is not fully understood by the masses has been taken advantage of by a section of opinion makers who oppose it, citing the lack of financial resources to sustain many provinces. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 184 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1808',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Startup Policy for Changing Entrepreneurial Scene',
			'image' => '20170614100733_Clipboard46.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'From providing community level solutions in rainwater harvesting, hazardous hospital waste management, selling a pizza at just Rs 100, manufacturing bricks using eco-friendly techniques to urban farming and developing mobile app for traffic and road management',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 185 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1809',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '974',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170614102633_Clipboard48.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Success is a pathless territory, Success means different things to different players, Success is the amount of funds given, Success is the number of persons employed, Success is measurable in change, Success is the volume of reports generated, Success is the years of engagement',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 186 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1787',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Teamwork : Easier Said Than Done',
			'image' => '20170515125611_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Not being able to work in a team goes against the professional career of an individual. All the interviews for any post or position are aimed at finding if the interviewee is a team worker or not. From time immemorial, team work has been lauded. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 187 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1788',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Second Pillar : CSR in the Development Dialogue',
			'image' => '20170515010517_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The careful reader would have noticed that the last few articles read like two strands intertwining much like the double helix band outlining the nature, the role, the work and the outcome of foreign aid and private sector as the tools to socio-economic sustainable development.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 188 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1789',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '973',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Net Neutrality- Not Yet a Curse',
			'image' => '20170515010704_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The term 'Net Neutrality' might appear as something new, but it was coined 13 years ago in 2003 by Professor Tim Wu of Columbia University. This principle explicates that the internet should be treated equally by all Internet Service Provider (ISP) and governments, ensuring the same level',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 189 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1743',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Corporate Governance',
			'image' => '20170416034146_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Governance is taking the centre stage in most of the discussions on public welfare issues vis-à-vis the state because despite good strategy programmes and adequate budgets, the implementation of these projects are not only slow but inordinately delayed so that the benefits to the stakeholders are in trickles which ultimately is attributed to the failures of governance. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 190 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1744',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid Dynamics',
			'image' => '20170416034751_ep0.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics. The classics like Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Stuart Mill for example, did not address the subject in any significant way. If anything, classical economists thought that the colonies would catch up, and even surpass, the home country quite rapidly. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 191 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1745',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Digital Economy : Nepal's Prospects',
			'image' => '20170416040150_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Digitalisation is using electronic technology to change texts into electronic forms. We can also say that digitalisation is the process of adopting information technology to generate accurate resources. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 192 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1746',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fintech Putting Traditional Banks Under Pressure',
			'image' => '20170416040959_ep5.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Fintech companies provide users with a myriad of services that some traditional banks are still struggling with. Some of these services include using peer to peer sharing of money with a click on the phone, opening a checking account without having to visit a branch',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 193 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1749',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'What is Ailing the Economy?',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the euphoria surrounding sustainable high growth, we generally tend to overlook the mistakes committed by policy makers during the period of liberalisation. We should never forget the economy is not something that is beyond our control.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 194 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1750',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Tax Policy and Administrative Challenges',
			'image' => '20170417111750_ep6.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The low level of trust among tax payers and tax authority has weakened the tax administration of Nepal making it harder to comply with tax laws. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 195 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1754',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '972',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Growing Interest in Stock Market Investment ',
			'image' => '20170418024724_ep9.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Who doesn’t want to make money without much effort? Perhaps the stock market is seen in that way by many Nepalis, seemingly emphasised by its sudden growing attraction. After all, someone investing Rs 1,000 for 10 units of shares makes around Rs 8,000 through it within five years. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 196 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1717',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Is Real Estate a Trading Item?',
			'image' => '20170320111604_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Real estate refers to immovable property such as land, house or any type of building or infrastructure used for either residential, business or other purposes. Real estate is an asset with limited liquidity relative to other investments. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 197 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1718',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '971',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Rating Kathmandu’s Regulators',
			'image' => '20170320111818_ep23.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'This rating is undertaken on the basis of available public documents and research with a detailed survey done on the basis of the "Kathmandu Rating Standards". The standards were developed after taking into account',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 198 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1693',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market and Role of Central Bank',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In the recent period, stock market boom and bust have been important factors in macroeconomic fluctuations in both the developing and underdeveloped countries. In light of this experience, how or when, if at all, should central bankers respond to such volatility?',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 199 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1695',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '970',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => '<p>Foreign Aid Dynamics<br /> Humanitarian or Development ?</p>',
			'image' => '20170219121740_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Development work is funded in three to-five-year cycles, and Humanitarian aid comes with conditions that require money to be spent in six-to eighteen months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 200 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1674',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Boost of Electricity',
			'image' => '20170116024635_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is almost 25 years behind in generating electricity. There is huge potential here to generate electricity, not only hydro based electricity, but also other clean energy using wind and solar power. We regularly hear and read that Nepal has the capacity to develop ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 201 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1675',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '969',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Developing Nepal as a Retirement Country',
			'image' => '20170116025102_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'These days it seems like every Nepali is anxious to leave Nepal and find a job elsewhere. But did you ever realise that many of our foreign visitors would actually like to retire and live in Nepal? ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 202 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1647',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capabilities Based Competition',
			'image' => '20161211043202_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'We are aware of the fact that the story of Kmart and Wal-Mart illustrates the newer dimensions of competition during the 1990s. It has been noticed that in one after another of the industries, established players are being overtaken by more dynamic rivals. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 203 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1648',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Pushing Boundaries and Circular Economies',
			'image' => '20161211043425_Clipboard10.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The decades old economy model of take-use-dispose is being replaced by a take less-use to optimum-eliminate disposal one. The search, experimentation and success of models that are restorative and regenerative by design, and which aim to keep products,',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 204 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1649',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '968',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Disaster Management A Broad Perspective',
			'image' => '20161211044237_Clipboard11.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'It is reported worldwide that aid whether food, medicines, clothing etc donated during natural calamities or other types of disasters reaches the target group only 20-25 percent of the time and the rest goes to the unaffected who make a profit out of it. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 205 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1570',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '965',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Piracy, Money and Greed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'While artists want the audience to buy their work so that they can make money, the audience would rather spend the money on chicken for dinner.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 206 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1554',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Monetary Policy 2016/17: Highlights and Issues',
			'image' => '20160829031848_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) unveiled the monetary policy for the fiscal year (FY) 2016-17 last month. It has been a formal practice in most of the countries that the central bank introduces Monetary Policy after the government announces fiscal policy, commonly known as the budget. As per the constitutional provision, this time around the Ministry of Finance came up with the budget at the end of May. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 207 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1555',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '964',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women Can Succeed!',
			'image' => '20160829040646_ep1.JPG',
			'short_content' => 'Namrata Shrestha owns her own bar at Lazimpat. She is an entrepreneur. Had she not been an actor, her name would not be listed. Her entrepreneurship is known because she is an actor.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 208 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1495',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'A Half Finished Canvas',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'An artist never gives up until the canvas is filled with the dreamed of colours. At present, the Lanzhou-Shigatse-KTM route is like a half finished canvas.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 209 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1500',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '962',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Human Rights Violations in the Corporate World',
			'image' => '20160616022220_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Wal-Mart's revenue exceeds the GDP of more than a hundred individual countries of the world, showing how the corporate world is getting stronger than the state itself.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 210 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1475',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Banks Face Stiffer Capital Rules',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'History shows that it was never easy for regulators in any country to determine as to how much capital was needed to strengthen the financial foundations enough to support economic growth in the face of varying challenges. It became more difficult as financial innovations spread, leading to the 1988 adoption of model rules by a group of central banks and regulators that was based in Basel, Switzerland. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 211 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1476',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '961',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Ending Monopoly Creates Attractive Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'You don't have a choice, either buy it, or stay out of it. You won't get any other option except this! This is called a Monopoly Market. When you have just a single vegetable shop in your locality, the seller is free to shape the price of vegetables on the basis of the area’s demand and supply.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 212 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1466',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '960',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Are We Lagging Behind in Social Media?',
			'image' => '20160421114023_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Many of our sectors have failed to open up accounts on social media. While Coca Cola owns Youtube, Nepal’s business houses seem to be way back even with their Facebook accounts',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 213 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1445',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' External Resource Mobilisation for HEP',
			'image' => '20160322032219_Clipboard18.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A least developed and sixteenth poorest country of the world as classified by HDR 2013, Nepal, a subsistence farming based economy, is still suffering from the legacy of a decade long conflict (1996-2006).  Nepal, an India-locked rather than land-locked nation, has chronic poverty (55 percent) and development has been further hit by two deadly events- the 2015 earthquake and the recent India blockade.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 214 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1448',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Women and Work',
			'image' => '20160324012758_wp.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Ariana Huffington, Marissa Mayer, Sara Blakely, Sheryl Sandberg are successful business women whom we applaud and look forward to and indeed some of these women are my heroes. These women have changed the entire business scene. They are high achievers and hold eminent positions in the business world.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 215 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1450',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '959',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'To Make Nepal Developed',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When suddenly there is a general strike called by any political party, people say that there is nothing left in Nepal to develop as all politicians and bureaucrats are corrupt. But nobody gives an objective analysis based on historical and present facts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 216 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1423',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Internal Resource Mobilization for HEP',
			'image' => '20160222122252_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Nepal is enriched by four river basins- Kosi in the east, Gandaki in the west, Karnali in the mid-west and a border river Mahakali in the far west. A sloppy mountain topography facilitates these rivers to make numerous falls, as seen in the pictures, providing an ample opportunity to generate electricity to the tune of 42 GW (see table).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 217 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1424',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '958',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => ' Is Nepal Really Inviting and Promoting Foreign Investment?',
			'image' => '20160222122813_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'A few days ago, the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce held its "Nepal Bangladesh Business Forum” in Kathmandu. I was one of the participants. There were more than 60 businesses that had come from Bangladesh to participate, each with the enthusiasm of finding new investment opportunities and market in Nepal for their products. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 218 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1374',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '956',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Financial Inclusion in Nepal : Role of Microfinance',
			'image' => '20151223010340_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Everyone of us agrees that financial inclusion is the prerequisite for inclusive growth.Inclusive growth in our terms is making sure that every Nepali is included in equitable growth.  Financial inclusion is that every adult Nepali citizen is financially and socially included and has access to the formal financial system.  ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 219 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1360',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Indian Economic Blockade and Nepal’s Strategic Rethink about its ‘Special Relations’',
			'image' => '20151123011912_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The first ever MOU signed between Nepal and China for importing fuel will go down in history as a veritable turning point. It will not only have ended the Indian monopoly but, significantly, opened both transit and overland trade between Nepal and China.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 220 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1368',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '955',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Political, Economic Unrest and the Youth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There are about three million Nepali youths currently working in the Gulf and other countries. About 55 percent of Nepali households have at least one family member outside the country.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 221 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1323',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Foreign Aid and FDI in HEP Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal’s deficient economy has always lacked the ability to invest in projects that require huge investments. The basic industries have been established in Nepal with the investment of foreign governments. A number of key industries were established by FDI. The primary goal of these foreign investments was to make the country self-reliant.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 222 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1332',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '954',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Quake to Take Off',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With, corruption, inequality, and injustice prevalent as anywhere else in the world, Nepal and the Nepali economy can hope to thrive only when burning issues like these are resolved and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 223 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1291',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian JVs in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Indian business houses like ITC, Uniliver, Pepsi, SBI, Kansai group, National Insurance, Asian Paints, PNB, Dabur, among others are present here in Nepal. They generate an annual turnover of around USD 600 million and provide employment to more than 30,000 families directly or indirectly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 224 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1298',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '953',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Challenges and Opportunities in HEP',
			'image' => '20150918010013_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Most argue that hydropower projects should be undertaken in a holistic manner using our own resources. However, it is easier said than done. The reality on the ground is different.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 225 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1257',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Policies and Programmes Continued',
			'image' => '20150813034419_ep.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'The government has prioritised the reconstruction of structures damaged by the April earthquake in its policies and programmes for the new fiscal year. The document, presented by President Ram Baran Yadav in Parliament, gives continuity to many of the old programmes and policies that are already in place.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 226 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1278',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Social Issues in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => '20150823012330_ep1.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Maintaining and developing water resources requires significant public and private investment. Since resources are scarce, right investment decisions should be made from an economic point of view. Setting up policies and programmes along with their implementation strategies is a prerequisite to also properly address the social costs and benefits.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 227 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1279',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '952',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Defaulters Vs Bad Debtors',
			'image' => '20150823014101_ep2.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'While gossiping over tea with some friends from banking and business, one of them joked, “Financial institutions have been enjoying all sorts of privileges like Jamindars (landlords) and in contrast, those in the business sector are forced to remain like ignorant people from the 18th Century.” As soon as he said this, a tug-of-war between right and wrong began.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 228 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1235',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The SAARC Growth Quadrangle',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Just as Nepal faces this development dilemma so also the same is being felt by Bangladesh, Bhutan and India which together comprise the world's premier poverty belt. The estimated population of the growth quadrangle is around 500 million people.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 229 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1236',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Reviving Nepal’s Economy',
			'image' => '20150811023010_ep(17).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Reviving Nepal’s economy after the earthquake necessitates a development paradigm shift, from the aid dominated one to new principles, namely economic nationalism, national self-reliance, local self-determination and People Public Private Partnerships (4Ps).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 230 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1237',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Breaking the FDI Barrier in Hydropower',
			'image' => '20150811013038_ep3(5).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Commitment, devotion, responsibility, accountability and self-determination are needed. In the absence of these attributes no country can successfully attract FDI.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 231 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1238',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Game of Under-Invoicing',
			'image' => '20150811013058_ep5(3).jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Government agencies as well as the business sector seem to be loudly railing against the trend of under-invoicing. Both agree that under-invoicing equals a great loss in revenue, as well as an unhealthy business atmosphere.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 232 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1239',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '928',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Personal Guarantee as Additional Security',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The prevailing practice of asking for personal guarantees from the shareholders needs a clear rethink by all involved parties like banks, entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and authorities.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 233 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1212',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Strategies for Activating the Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Of vital importance in the short and long term is that a common minimum understanding in politics must be shared between all concerned players. High-quality management and an entrepreneurship culture must be promoted and fully encouraged.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 234 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1215',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Harnessing Nepal’s Hydropower Potential',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'As the mighty rivers flowing through Nepal are shared by four sovereign countries, power sharing would be the best option for all in order to benefit from the hydropower potential of the Himalayan region.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 235 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1216',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Business Ethics after the Earthquake',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Some businessmen are likely to prey on the vulnerability of the affected, imposing higher prices. Such a state of price inflation is known as price gouging, the act of increasing the price in seemingly unfair circumstances.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 236 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1217',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Lessons from Chile, Haiti, Gujarat and Japan',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The Chile earthquake of 2010 killed more than 500 people. It had a huge impact on the country’s tourism, fishing, forestry and wine industries. Damages to seaports caused a short-term market loss where it became tough to balance supply and demand. Depreciation of the currency and inflation, followed by low demand for exports, weakened the country’s economy badly.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 237 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1218',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '910',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'India’s Public Policy : A Roadmap for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​India has undergone various transitions and emerged as one of the fastest growing economies. Although different nations, the core issues in formulating public policies remain largely similar for Nepal. The Indian experience retains key lessons that Nepal could invariably benefit from.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 238 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1191',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development (2)',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Popular people’s movement of 1990 disposed the Panchayat Raj in an astray. It helped in restoring the multiparty political system abducted in 1960.  Changed political circumstances changed the economic policy of the regime. The new economic policy stressed on paving way for liberal economic system. It considered the involvement of the private sector vital for the development of Nepali economy. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 239 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1192',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '889',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'The Science of Prediction - Market Forecast',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'JP Morgan was not the first or the last person who used astrology for his important business decisions. In our day to day life some way or the other, all of us had used this divine science of astrology to make certain decisions but very few of us know that this divine science of astrology can be used very effectively to forecast the trend of stock and commodity market.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 240 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1173',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Indian Cooperation in Hydropower Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In connection to hydropower development, Nepalis believe that Indians placed higher importance on extending irrigation facilities rather than generating electricity. Subsequently, the collaboration resulted in the construction of the Tanakpur barrage.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 241 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1174',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Capital Market, Regulatory Lapses and Role of SEBON',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​It is clearly evident that SEBON did not learn the lesson from CHCL case and allowed allotting the share of Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Limited (UTHPL) to the employees of lender institutions like Employment Provident Fund (EPF).',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 242 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1175',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '863',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IPO Experience in Nepali Capital Market',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​In the two IPOs, about Rs 7.5 billion of public money has been deposited. Out of this, only Rs 57.6 million will be utilized as capital which is less than 1 percent of the deposited fund. The remaining 99 per cent will be refunded after nearly two months.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 243 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1137',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Contribution of Foreign Aid in Nepal's Economy',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'All development activities in Nepal, small or big, have largely been influenced by foreign aid. Aid in the form of grants played an important role in the construction of infrastructure projects and in the establishment of some of the key basic industries in the beginning.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 244 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1138',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '839',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for Sustainable Service Model to Promote Agriculture Insurance',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​Agricultural crop insurance is a restricted instrument in that it only addresses production and yield losses because of weather and natural risks, providing limited coverage for the growing crop from the time of sowing or crop emergency through to completion of harvest.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 245 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1105',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Impact of Remittance on Import in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'With remittances, an economy can spend more than it produces, import more than it exports or invest more than it saves, and this might even be more relevant for small economies. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 246 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1106',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '811',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Revenue Mobilization:Policy Challenges',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal as a low-income country is characterized by typical features like dependency on agriculture, income from remittances and fragility. As remittance from workers abroad and a good harvest contributes a major portion of the GDP, there are significant weaknesses in government policy.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 247 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1072',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Inequality – Plight to Economic Growth',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '​While developing and under-developed countries are struggling to meet the targeted economic growth and lower the inequality index, the developed nations are also affected by rising inequality.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 248 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1073',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '783',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal: More Issues',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'In this article, retired Justice Upreti discusses some additional issues that hinder Nepal's infrastructure development. Some other issues were discussed in his article that appeared in December 2014 issue of NewBiz.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 249 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1027',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'IFRS Compliance: Challenges for Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The world seems to be uniting under a single financial reporting language. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is becoming the universally recognised accounting standard in a multitude of jurisdictions across the globe. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 250 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1028',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Fast Track Strategy for Fast Track Highway',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Historically, the Kathmandu Valley was connected to India through a trade route: Thori of Parsa– Hetauda – Bhainse – Bhimphedi – Khulekhani – Chitlang – Chandragiri Pass to Thankot in Kathmandu. Later on, Raxaul was connected with the Indian railway',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 251 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1029',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Policy and Legal Aspects of Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'There is an intrinsic relationship between the law and the pace of infrastructure development. A solid, clear and predictable legal and policy regime forms the foundation for infrastructure development. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 252 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1030',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '756',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Infrastructure Development in Nepal',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'It is very hard to find a generally agreed definition of infrastructure even though economists in their early works stressed that transport infrastructure is crucial for economic development. Infrastructure is usually understood as basic public infrastructure, w',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 253 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '983',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'From Transport Corridors to Economic Corridors',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'When we speak of Nepal as a 'transit economy', we have in mind the provision of land transport infrastructure providing various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, rope ways, pipelines, gas lines, electricity grids and fiber optic cables.',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 254 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '984',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Old Age: Policy Paradigms',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Old age is a vital event of human life. Even though it comes enriched with loads of hard earned experience and expertise, it is not cherished like childhood. Government policies along with social practices treat old-age people as liabilities and in doing so undermine',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 255 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '985',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Need for  Green Banking',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The attack of human beings on nature is the cause of environmental deterioration. This deterioration is leading to global warming and climate change. It has been noticed that the temperature has risen up by 1 degree Fahrenheit in comparison to the previous century',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 256 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '986',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '730',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'PTA: Milestone in Nepal’s Hydro-Power Development',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal and India have signed the much-awaited Power Trade Agreement (PTA) on 21st of October in Kathmandu and paved the way for the free trade of electricity between two countries. After one and half months of the initial signature, Rajendra K Kshatri energy secretary of Nepal',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 257 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '926',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Mediation Way',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal Inc. is finding mediation way for dispute resolution more effective that than fighting it over in the courts. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 258 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '927',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '678',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Resolution of Bank and Insurance Company Failure',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'Nepal took initiatives to create the legal infrastructure required for the implementation of economic liberalization policies mostly during 2005-2006. This period saw introduction of the Insolvency Act 2006 and Secured Transaction Act 2006. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 259 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '957',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Dynamics of Interest Rate',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => '',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 260 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '958',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '704',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'NTIS REVIEW Hopes Shadowed by Doubt',
			'image' => null,
			'short_content' => 'The latest statistics shows that Nepal's trade deficit and national budget size is equal around 600billion rupees. In this context, Nepal trade integration strategy–2010 (NTIS) is being reviewed after four years of implementation. This is the first time that government is planning ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 261 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1401',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'South Asia’s Vital Need for Electricity',
			'image' => '20160121125623_ep3.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'South Asia is home to over one billion people. A majority of them are living without access to electricity. Electricity is an essential prerequisite not only for modern life but also to power machines to produce goods and services. Modern technology is based on the availability of electricity. ',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	),
	(int) 262 => array(
		'MagazineArticle' => array(
			'id' => '1402',
			'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
			'magazine_category_id' => '26',
			'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
			'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
			'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
			'status' => true,
			'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
		)
	)
)
$magazineCategory = array(
	'MagazineCategory' => array(
		'id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Economy and Policy',
		'sortorder' => '534',
		'status' => true,
		'created' => '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
		'homepage' => true,
		'modified' => '2013-03-01 00:00:00'
	)
)
$magazineArticle = array(
	'MagazineArticle' => array(
		'id' => '1402',
		'magazine_issue_id' => '957',
		'magazine_category_id' => '26',
		'title' => 'Remittance : A Blessing and a Curse',
		'image' => '20160121125912_ep4.jpg',
		'short_content' => 'Running a country through remittances can be an easy way to move ahead, but it comes with a price. Every day, 1500 Nepalis fly out from Tribhuvan International Airport for jobs abroad. The decade-long Ten years of insurgency made large numbers of young people go abroad and now, again,..',
		'status' => true,
		'publish_date' => '0000-00-00'
	)
)
$issue_title = array()
$width = (int) 400
$height = (int) 230
$ratio = (float) 1.7391304347826
$img_width = (int) 160
$img_height = (float) 92
include - APP/View/MagazineArticles/category.ctp, line 61
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117